
Všetci vlastníci, správcovia, nájomcovia alebo užívatelia nehnuteľnosti podávajú daňové priznanie z nehnuteľnosti. Keďže daň z nehnuteľností je príjmom rozpočtu samospráv, tak je ustanovená v každej obci alebo meste na Slovensku. Čo všetko by ste mali o dani z nehnuteľnosti vedieť?
Typy dane z nehnuteľnosti
Daň z pozemkov
Daň zo stavieb
Daň z bytov a nebytových priestorov v dome
(inak povedané daň z bytov)
Ako vzniká a zaniká daňová povinnosť?
Daňová povinnosť vzniká v momente, kedy sa daňovník stane v uplynulom roku vlastníkom, správcom, nájomcom alebo užívateľom nehnuteľnosti, ktorá je predmetom dane z nehnuteľnosti. Daňová povinnosť vzniká 1. januára zdaňovacieho obdobia nasledujúceho po zdaňovacom období, v ktorom daňovníkovi vznikla povinnosť.
Existujú však dve výnimky, pri ktorých neplatí tradičné daňové obdobie, a to ak:
- Nadobudnete nehnuteľnosť dražbou, kedy daňová povinnosť vzniká prvým dňom nasledujúceho mesiaca po dni, v ktorom ste sa stali vlastníkom alebo po dni schválenia príklepu súdu, alebo
- Nadobudnete nehnuteľnosť dedením, kedy daňová povinnosť vzniká prvým dňom mesiaca nasledujúceho po dni nadobudnutia právoplatnosti rozhodnutia o dedičstve alebo osvedčenia o dedičstve.
Daňové priznanie k dani z nehnuteľnosti sa nepodáva každý rok, ale vždy len raz. V nasledujúcich rokoch doručí správca dane rozhodnutie o vyrubenej dani daňovníkovi automaticky na základe tohto daňového priznania. Daň z nehnuteľnosti sa platí vždy vopred.
Daňová povinnosť zaniká 31. decembra zdaňovacieho obdobia, a teda v čase, kedy daňovníkovi zanikne vlastníctvo, správa, nájom alebo užívanie nehnuteľnosti.

Situácie z pohľadu vlastníkov nehnuteľnosti
Nehnuteľnosť môže vlastniť, spravovať, prenajímať alebo užívať jeden alebo viacero ľudí. Pri daňovníkovi samotnom je povinnosť jednoznačne daná. Ak je však nehnuteľnosť akéhokoľvek typu v spoluvlastníctve viacerých osôb, daňové priznanie je povinnosťou každého spoluvlastníka. Môže ísť o fyzickú alebo právnickú osobu, a to do výšky svojho spoluvlastníckeho podielu. Je tu však možnosť, že spoluvlastníci zvolia spoločného zástupcu, ktorý podá daňové priznanie za všetkých. Odporúčame túto voľbu vykonať písomne. Zástupca je povinný túto zmenu vyznačiť aj v príslušnom daňovom priznaní.
V prípade, že je nehnuteľnosť v spoločnom vlastníctve manželov, stačí, ak podá daňové priznanie k dani z nehnuteľnosti iba jeden z manželov. Manželia si nemusia špecificky stanoviť spoločného zástupcu.
Ktoré nehnuteľnosti sú oslobodené od dane?
Zákon č. 582/2004 Z. z. o miestnych daniach a miestnom poplatku za komunálne odpady a drobné stavebné odpady ustanovuje v § 17 zahŕňa výpočet nehnuteľnosti, ktoré priamo v zmysle zákonných ustanovení oslobodení od dane. Pre príklad, ide o nasledujúce nehnuteľnosti:
- pozemky, stavby, byty a nebytové priestory vo vlastníctve obce, ktorá je správcom dane, a pozemky, stavby, byty a nebytové priestory vo vlastníctve alebo v správe mestských častí v Bratislave a Košiciach,
- pozemky a stavby vo vlastníctve iného štátu užívané fyzickými osobami, ktoré požívajú výsady a imunitu podľa medzinárodného práva a nie sú štátnymi občanmi Slovenskej republiky, za predpokladu, že je zaručená vzájomnosť,
- pozemky a stavby alebo ich časti vo vlastníctve cirkví a náboženských spoločností registrovaných štátom, ktoré slúžia na vzdelávanie, na vedeckovýskumné účely alebo na vykonávanie náboženských obradov,
- pozemky a stavby alebo ich časti vo vlastníctve verejných vysokých škôl alebo vo vlastníctve štátu v správe štátnych vysokých škôl slúžiace na vysokoškolské vzdelávanie alebo na vedeckovýskumné účely,
- pozemky, stavby a nebytové priestory vo vlastníctve Slovenského Červeného kríža.
Kde a ako podať daňové priznanie dane z nehnuteľnosti
Na podanie daňového priznanie dane z nehnuteľnosti potrebujete príslušné tlačivo. To získate v listinnej podobe priamo u príslušného správcu dane z nehnuteľností alebo tlačivo dostať aj na stránke príslušnej obce alebo mesta, v katastri ktorých sa nehnuteľnosť nachádza. Vyplnené tlačivo priznania alebo čiastkového priznania dani z nehnuteľnosti sa doručuje správcovi dane najneskôr do 31. januára 2024 (za daňové obdobie roku 2023).
Platba dane z nehnuteľnosti
Na základe predloženého daňového priznania vám správca dane zašle platobný výmer do 15. mája daného roku. Termín splatnosti dane z nehnuteľnosti je stanovený na 15 dní od dátumu doručenia. V súčasnej dobe máte možnosť využiť možnosť rozloženia platby na viacero splátok, pričom termíny splátok sú uvedené v platobnom výmere.
Sankcie za neplnenie daňovej povinnosti sa pohybujú v rozsahu od 5 eur do 3 000 eur. Minimálna pokuta je stanovená na 5 eur, pričom maximálna suma je viazaná na výšku vyrubenej dane. Plňte si preto povinnosti včasne a správne. V prípade, že vás čaká exekúcia, dražba nehnuteľnosti či refixácia úrokovej sadzby, ktoré môžu zaniknúť daňovú povinnosť na dať z nehnuteľnosti, radi vám pomôžeme. Neváhajte nás kontaktovať s vašou situáciou, ktorú individuálne a na mieru vyriešime.
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